This often results in the production of many small fruits which are not suited for fresh market sale. All rights reserved.ĭistributed over too many fruits (sinks). As fruit trees have a natural tendency to produce heavy crop loads, the sugars produced in the leaves (sources) need to be ⇑ Corresponding author. In this work, we focus on the development of a vision system in the context of automated thinning in fruit orchards. As humans typically rely on their sight to perform these tasks, robotic systems are often equipped with a vision system to match or even improve on the performance of their human counterparts. disease detection) or determine the location of certain objects (e.g. Many of these horticultural practices require some form of feedback to either assess the state of the canopy (e.g. As it is becoming increasingly difficult for growers to hire a sufficiently large work force (Maas and van der Steeg, 2011), an increasing amount of research is targeted to automate or augment the operation of cultivation techniques. Introduction Horticulture involves many tedious and labor-intensive tasks which require the employment of expensive, trained personnel. Additionally, it could as well be used as a stand-alone sensor for early-season yield estimation. Therefore, it is expected that the multispectral sensor can be used to improve the efficiency of existing thinning devices.
In total, approximately 87% of the visible floral buds were detected correctly with a low false discovery rate (<16%). This model was then applied to the recorded data after which an image analysis algorithm was designed and optimized to predict the number of floral buds. Subsequently, canonical correlation analysis was applied to create a spectral discriminant model that detects pixels originating from floral buds. The recorded multispectral images were converted to a database containing the spatial–spectral signatures of the objects present in the orchard. These wavebands are situated in the visible and near infrared region of the spectrum and were selected based on hyperspectral laboratory measurements described in previous work. During a two-year field trial, the multispectral system was used to measure orchard scenes in six distinct optical wavebands under controlled illumination. Conference) during the growth stages prior to bloom.
In this work, a multispectral camera system is developed to detect the floral buds of pear (cv. Mechanized thinning has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative but the performance of existing thinning devices needs to be further improved by taking the variation in bearing capacity of the individual trees into account.
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As it is typically carried out through manual labor, thinning comprises a large part of a grower’s production costs. Keywords: Multispectral sensing Pear Mechanical thinning Feature recognitionĪ b s t r a c t Thinning of pome and stone fruit involves the reduction of tree crop load in order to regulate fruit set and quality.
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 113 (2015) 93–103Ĭontents lists available at ScienceDirectĬomputers and Electronics in Agriculture journal homepage: Multispectral detection of floral buds for automated thinning of pear Niels Wouters a,⇑, Bart De Ketelaere a, Tom Deckers b, Josse De Baerdemaeker a, Wouter Saeys a a bĭepartment of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium Research Station for Fruit Growing (pcfruit), Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden (Kerkom), BelgiumĪrticle history: Received 12 June 2014 Received in revised form 25 November 2014 Accepted 30 January 2015
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